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Climate Smart City Lab (C2S Lab)
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A lab that tackles climate change and urban heat with data and models.
AboutAbout the lab
Aiming for cities resilient to climate change.
The Climate Smart City Lab studies how human-induced climate change affects the natural environment and human society, and considers countermeasures.
Combining urban climate science, engineering solutions, and decision-making frameworks, it aims to reduce climate risk and improve energy efficiency and urban resilience.
The research uses physical models such as climate models, climate observation and remote sensing data, and machine learning.
It covers a range of scales, from buildings and neighborhoods to entire cities.
Key terms
- Heat stress
- The burden that heat places on people, expressed by considering humidity and radiation in addition to air temperature.
- Remote sensing
- A technology for observing the condition of the land surface and atmosphere from a distance, using satellites and other platforms.
- Microclimate
- The environment, such as temperature, humidity, and wind, in a small area such as a neighborhood or street.
NewsLab news
View More ↗ResearchResearch themes
Based on the Climate Smart City concept, the lab combines urban climate science, engineering solutions, and decision-making frameworks to reduce climate risk and increase urban resilience. It conducts research linking the physical urban environment, socioeconomic systems, and people's well-being, at scales from buildings and neighborhoods to entire cities.
*Illustrative imageHeat warning systems based on heat stress
This theme compares conventional heat warnings based only on air temperature with heat stress indices that take humidity, radiation, and human behavior into account. Based on actual climate conditions and health impacts, the lab designs indices suited to each region.
*Illustrative imageBusiness operations and urban management adapting to heat
This theme analyzes how rising heat affects business operations, worker safety, energy demand, and the economy. By combining climate projections with socioeconomic and operational data, the lab supports businesses and city stakeholders in developing adaptation measures.
*Illustrative imagePersonal and household cooling technologies for extreme heat
This theme evaluates the effectiveness, limitations, and equity implications of cooling measures used by individuals and households, such as air conditioners, fans, and wearable cooling devices. Emphasizing a balance of protection from heat, energy saving, cost, and ease of use, it pays particular attention to vulnerable people.
*Illustrative imageHigh-resolution urban climate models
The lab develops and uses urban climate models that reproduce air temperature, humidity, radiation, and airflow at the scale of neighborhoods and streets. It investigates how urban form, land use, and surface properties affect microclimate and how people perceive heat, providing a scientific basis for planning heat countermeasures.
MembersFaculty
Members of the Climate Smart City Lab consist of faculty and master's and undergraduate students.As of 2026
- Assistant ProfessorQiang Guo
VoicesStudent voices
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Report an errorAbout the images
The top and research theme images are illustrative and were not taken at the lab. They are cropped from Wikimedia Commons images. Cropped CC BY-SA images are provided under the same CC BY-SA license as the original (version shown on each line).
- Top image: “Be'er Sheva heat island at night” Xmidrashnik / CC BY 4.0 (cropped)
- Heat warning systems based on heat stress: “Analog WBGT meter” Morn / CC0 (cropped)
- Business operations and urban management adapting to heat: “DAIKIN AIR CONDITIONER OUTDOOR UNIT, Panasonic AIR CONDITIONER OUTDOOR UNIT & MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES AIR CONDITIONER OUTDOOR UNIT” Dinkun Chen / CC BY-SA 4.0 (cropped)
- Personal and household cooling technologies for extreme heat: “MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC AIR CONDITIONER OUTDOOR UNIT (255)” Dinkun Chen / CC BY-SA 4.0 (cropped)
- High-resolution urban climate models: “Redwood City and Foster City aerial photo” Firstcultural / CC0 (cropped)
- Related lab (Regional Hydroclimate Lab): “Cycle de l'eau” toony / CC BY 3.0 (cropped)
- Related lab (Energy Systems Lab): “Overhead power lines in Iran 10” Mostafameraji / CC0 (cropped)
- Related lab (Smart Grid Lab): “Solar Power Plant of Brežice Hydroelectric Power Plant 03” Janezdrilc / CC0 (cropped)
- Related lab (Asai Lab): “Taipei 101 Tuned Mass Damper 2010” Armand du Plessis / CC BY 3.0 (cropped)
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