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Chromosome Function Lab
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The lab explores how genetic information is inherited through DNA replication and repair.
AboutAbout the lab
Exploring how genetic information is accurately inherited
The Chromosome Function Lab studies the mechanisms by which genetic information is accurately inherited, focusing on chromosome replication, repair, and the response to DNA damage.
For organisms to replicate themselves, they must replicate DNA, the carrier of genetic information, repair the damage that arises, and distribute it to daughter cells.
Using Xenopus egg extracts and purified proteins, the lab reproduces reactions such as chromosome replication and repair in vitro and investigates them.
The lab also offers "Nishikaze Juku," a research experience course for second-year undergraduate students.
Key terms
- Mismatch repair
- A mechanism that corrects errors made during DNA synthesis. It also acts to abort erroneous recombination
- Xenopus egg extract
- A fluid extracted from the eggs of Xenopus frogs. It allows nuclear reactions such as chromosome replication and repair to take place in vitro
- Homologous recombination
- A repair reaction that copies information from undamaged DNA as a template to accurately rejoin broken DNA
NewsLab news
A doctoral student received the "MBSJ Poster Award"
Assistant Professor Riki Terui received the "Best Papers Award"
A master's student received the "Young Best Poster Award"
A paper on methylguanine damage and mismatch repair was published in Journal of Biochemistry
A paper on the unloading of PCNA was published in Journal of Biological Chemistry
ResearchResearch themes
This lab focuses on the replication and repair of genetic information, and seeks to solve fundamentally important mysteries to which no one yet knows the answer. The mechanisms that maintain genetic information are also deeply connected to cancer, hereditary intractable diseases, and genetic engineering technologies.
*Illustrative imageMechanisms of DNA replication
Chromosome replication proceeds through the coordinated action of many enzymes. The lab studies the replication clamp, the clamp loader, and the CMG complex, and has found, among other things, that Ctf18-RFC works together with Pol ε.
*Illustrative imageMechanisms that ensure the accuracy of DNA replication
DNA replication requires extremely high accuracy. The lab investigates how mismatch repair, which corrects errors made during synthesis, identifies the base that needs to be corrected, and what is required for it to function on chromatin.
*Illustrative imageRepair of DNA double-strand breaks
A double-strand break, in which both strands of DNA are severed, is serious damage, and homologous recombination is an important repair pathway. The lab reproduces in vitro, and analyzes, the reaction in which mismatch repair aborts erroneous recombination between sequences that are similar but not identical.
DNA damage sensing and checkpoints
When DNA is damaged, cells activate repair and temporarily halt proliferation. The lab purifies the 9-1-1 clamp complex, which acts as a damage sensor, and examines its activity, and also creates mutants to analyze its function in human cells.
MembersFaculty
The members of the Chromosome Function Lab consist of faculty, graduate students of the Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, and undergraduate students of the School of Science.
- ProfessorTatsuro Takahashi
- Assistant ProfessorYoshitaka Kawasoe
- Assistant ProfessorRiki Terui
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Report an errorAbout the images
The top and research theme images are illustrative and were not taken at the lab. They are cropped from Wikimedia Commons images. Cropped CC BY-SA images are provided under the same CC BY-SA license as the original (version shown on each line).
- Top image: “XBio illustration – DNA Ligase” explorebiology / CC BY 4.0 (cropped)
- Mechanisms of DNA replication: “DNA Polymerase DNA Replication” Christinelmiller / CC BY-SA 4.0 (cropped)
- Mechanisms that ensure the accuracy of DNA replication: “DNA double helix horizontal” Jerome Walker / Public domain (cropped)
- Repair of DNA double-strand breaks: “DNA Repair” Tom Ellenberger, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. / Public domain (cropped)
- Related lab (Animal Developmental Biology Lab): “Chicken-embryo-1week old” Ben Skála / CC BY 3.0 (cropped)
- Related lab (Evolutionary Genetics Lab): “Researcher beside Vials closed by cotton plugs and filled with Fruit fly larvae” Robert Cudmore from Marseille, France / CC BY-SA 2.0 (cropped)
- Related lab (Molecular Genetics Lab): “Caenorhabditis elegans under a light microscope 02” Gannu03 / CC BY-SA 4.0 (cropped)
- Related lab (Mathematical Biology Lab): “Bactritida-ammonoidea evolution morphology” Antonov / Public domain (cropped)
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