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Advanced Materials Functionality Lab
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The lab observes metals solidifying with X-rays and works to produce different microstructures as desired.
AboutAbout the lab
Seeing how solidification from the melt works, and controlling it.
The Advanced Materials Functionality Lab studies how the microstructure of a material forms when molten metal solidifies (solidification) and when crystals grow.
Solidification is an important process that determines material properties, but because it occurs at high temperatures and the material is opaque, many phenomena remain poorly understood.
The lab develops methods such as time-resolved X-ray imaging to confirm how microstructures form in metal alloys, and verifies the results with physical models and simulations.
It also studies new materials processes that use the response of matter to magnetic fields and other fields to produce microstructures in which crystal orientations are aligned.
Key terms
- Solidification
- Molten, liquid metal or other material cooling and becoming solid
- Dendrite
- A tree-branch-shaped crystal that forms during solidification
- Synchrotron radiation
- Very bright, intense X-rays and other light produced by a large accelerator. Used at facilities such as SPring-8
NewsLab news
A paper on phase selection of metastable ferrite during solidification received the Sawamura Paper Award from the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan
A doctoral student received an Excellent Presentation Award at the Autumn Branch Meeting of the Kansai Branch of the Japan Foundry Engineering Society
A doctoral student received the Best Doctoral Candidate Paper Award – Silver Award at AFC2025
ResearchResearch themes
The lab develops experimental methods such as time-resolved X-ray imaging and uses them to empirically clarify how solidification microstructures form, mainly in metal alloys. It verifies the findings with physical models and simulations, aiming to develop new microstructure control and materials processes.
*Illustrative imageWatching solidification in situ with X-rays
Solidifying metal is hot and opaque, so it cannot be seen directly. Using intense synchrotron X-rays at facilities such as SPring-8, the lab develops methods to observe in situ, over time, how microstructures form, based on differences in density and concentration.
*Illustrative imageTracking solidification in three dimensions
The lab develops a method (4D-CT) that takes X-ray tomography scans continuously to observe metal solidification in three dimensions over time. It has also made the first observations of dendrites in steel and of crystals growing while floating in aluminum alloys.
*Illustrative imageDynamics of solidification microstructure formation
During solidification, nucleation, dendrite growth, and the breaking off of dendrite arms by melting occur, and heat and solute transport and fluid flow interact to form the microstructure. The lab confirms these dynamic phenomena with X-rays and clarifies them using physical models and simulations.
*Illustrative imageRethinking conventional wisdom on steel solidification
Through in situ observation, the lab has shown that peritectic solidification, long accepted as standard in steel solidification, does not occur under ordinary conditions, and that the material instead transforms in the solid state in a massive-like manner. The lab will clarify this transformation and apply it to new process control.
MembersFaculty
The members of the Advanced Materials Functionality Lab consist of faculty and doctoral, master's, and undergraduate students.
- ProfessorHideyuki Yasuda
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Report an errorAbout the images
The top and research theme images are illustrative and were not taken at the lab. They are cropped from Wikimedia Commons images. Cropped CC BY-SA images are provided under the same CC BY-SA license as the original (version shown on each line).
- Top image: “Dendrite 01” Kuebi = Armin Kübelbeck / CC BY-SA 3.0 (cropped)
- Watching solidification in situ with X-rays: “X-ray test of friction-stir welded tank ESA373005” European Space Agency / CC BY-SA 3.0 igo (cropped)
- Tracking solidification in three dimensions: “Dendrites - nuclei of aluminum oxide crystals (corundum)” Dr Anatoly / CC BY 4.0 (cropped)
- Dynamics of solidification microstructure formation: “Dendrite in Kona” Brocken Inaglory / CC BY-SA 3.0 (cropped)
- Rethinking conventional wisdom on steel solidification: “Metal being poured during the investment casting process.” 5oclockhustle / CC BY-SA 4.0 (cropped)
- Related lab (Physics of Magnetism Lab): “Metal shavings around bar magnet (close-up)” Maciej J. Mrowinski / CC BY-SA 4.0 (cropped)
- Related lab (Materials Control Lab): “INSPIRATION CONSOLIDATED COPPER CO.'S ELECTROWINNING REFINING PLANT. PART OF ARIZONA'S EXTENSIVE COPPER INDUSTRY - NARA - 544018” Cornelius M. Keyes / Public domain (cropped)
- Related lab (Materials Design Engineering Lab): “Stone Flower (Кам’яна квітка)” Яна Сычикова, Сергей Ковачев / CC BY-SA 4.0 (cropped)
- Related lab (Surface Treatment Engineering Lab): “Titanium Cube (3D Render)” JOGOS Public Assets / CC BY-SA 4.0 (cropped)
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