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Natural Disaster Science Lab
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A research lab that explores how earthquakes and tsunamis occur through topography, geological strata, and satellite observation.
AboutAbout the lab
Reading earthquakes and tsunamis from landforms and strata.
The Natural Disaster Science Lab studies how earthquakes and tsunamis occur, using landforms, geological strata, and satellite observation.
The lab's research rests on three pillars: surveys of coastal terraces and active faults, surveys of tsunami deposits, and measurement of landform change using satellite data.
By combining field surveys with numerical calculation, the lab works to understand the magnitude of past earthquakes and tsunamis and the mechanisms by which earthquakes occur.
In the faculty list of the Department of Earth Science, the lab is listed as an affiliated division (Natural Disaster Science Division) of the International Research Institute of Disaster Science.
Key terms
- Active fault
- A fault that has moved repeatedly in the past and may move again in the future. It can cause earthquakes.
- Tsunami deposits
- Sediment carried by a tsunami that was deposited on land and preserved in geological strata. It provides clues for reading the history of past tsunamis.
- Marine terrace
- A step-like landform made up of flat surfaces that formed near past sea levels and were later left above water as land
- InSAR
- An analysis technique that compares satellite radar images taken at different times to extract changes in the ground surface. Also called interferometric SAR.
ResearchResearch themes
The lab studies how earthquakes and tsunamis occur, using records preserved in landforms and strata together with satellite observation. It aims to clarify the magnitude and history of past earthquakes and tsunamis, and to understand the mechanisms by which earthquakes occur.
*Illustrative imageEarthquake history from coastal landforms and active faults
The lab reconstructs long-term crustal deformation from coastal landforms such as marine terraces, and investigates the recurrence of giant earthquakes. For inland active faults, it clarifies their history of activity through aerial photograph interpretation and trench surveys, and also carries out seismic hazard assessment.
*Illustrative imageHistory and magnitude of past tsunamis
The lab estimates the history and magnitude of tsunamis in historical and prehistoric times from tsunami deposits at various sites. It aims to quantitatively reconstruct magnitudes by combining methods such as tsunami run-up modeling, and is reassessing past tsunamis on the Tohoku coast, including the Jogan tsunami, through international collaborative research.
*Illustrative imageMeasuring landform changes from satellites
Using InSAR analysis of satellite synthetic aperture radar images, the lab extracts changes in the ground surface caused by earthquakes. It compares these results with field surveys of faults to investigate how earthquakes occur, and also studies landslides, land subsidence, and related phenomena.
MembersFaculty
- ProfessorShinji Toda
- ProfessorYo Fukushima
- Associate ProfessorDaisuke Sugawara
- Assistant ProfessorTakashi Ishizawa
- Assistant ProfessorTakayuki Takahashi
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Report an errorAbout the images
The top and research theme images are illustrative and were not taken at the lab. They are cropped from Wikimedia Commons images. Cropped CC BY-SA images are provided under the same CC BY-SA license as the original (version shown on each line).
- Top image: “Fault scarp a Quake Lake 19970627” Jstuby / CC0 (cropped)
- Earthquake history from coastal landforms and active faults: “(Aerial view of coastline of American Samoa) - DPLA - dddbc20c890d eff15bf460a” Carlquist, Sherwin John / CC BY 4.0 (cropped)
- History and magnitude of past tsunamis: “2011 Tohoku tsunami flooded area Sendai Natori by GSI and Yuriage Tamaura” Anglo-Araneophilus~commonswiki (modification); Original content source: Philipp Koch / CC BY-SA 2.0 (cropped)
- Measuring landform changes from satellites: “Radar image of Hawaii” Envisat satellite / CC BY-SA 3.0 igo (cropped)
- Related lab (Geomorphology and Physical Geography Lab): “Sydney (AU), Coastal Cliff Walk” Dietmar Rabich / CC BY-SA 4.0 (cropped)
- Related lab (Fault and Crustal Mechanics Lab): “Fault Zone - geograph.org.uk - 8323129” Anne Burgess / CC BY-SA 2.0 (cropped)
- Related lab (Paleoenvironmental Change and Evolutionary Paleontology Lab): “Envisat image of the Great Barrier Reef off Australia's Queensland coast ESA233136” European Space Agency / CC BY-SA 3.0 igo (cropped)
- Related lab (Human Geography Lab): “Mercator projection SW” Strebe / CC BY-SA 3.0 (cropped)
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