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Geology and Paleoceanography Lab
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A lab that reads Cretaceous ocean environmental change from strata and fossils.
AboutAbout the lab
Reading the past oceans from strata and fossils.
The Geology and Paleoceanography Lab studies past environmental change, mainly in the Cretaceous, through chemical analysis of strata and analysis of fossil assemblages.
It focuses in particular on the oceans of the Cretaceous, investigating the causes and progression of oceanic anoxic events, in which the sea lost its oxygen.
The lab also works on precisely determining the ages of strata, correlating volcanic ash layers, and estimating marine environments using foraminifera.
Key terms
- Oceanic anoxic event
- An event in which oxygen-free conditions spread through the ocean and many marine organisms went extinct. Several such events occurred in the Cretaceous
- Cretaceous
- One of the warmest periods in Earth's history. In the middle Cretaceous in particular, abrupt warming over short periods occurred several times
- Foraminifera
- Organisms with carbonate shells. The shells of planktonic species record the water temperature and pH of the sea in which they lived
- Apatite
- A mineral contained in volcanic ash. It resists burial and weathering, and serves as a clue for identifying volcanic ash
ResearchResearch themes
Centered on the abrupt warming and marine environmental change of the Cretaceous, the lab investigates ocean environments from the past to the future. Targeting strata in Japan and overseas as well as deep-sea cores, it carries out chemical analysis, fossil assemblage analysis, and age determination.
*Illustrative imageCauses and progression of oceanic anoxic events
The lab studies oceanic anoxic events, in which the ocean lost its oxygen during the warm periods of the Cretaceous. Through chemical analysis of strata and fossil assemblage analysis, it aims to clarify their causes and the process from their development to their end.
*Illustrative imageDetermining standard ages of the Cretaceous
This research aims to determine, with high precision, the boundaries between the stages of the Cretaceous and the timing of oceanic anoxic events. The lab closely compares strata in Japan with those in Europe and North America, and measures the radiometric ages of tuffs interbedded in Japanese strata.
*Illustrative imageApatite for correlating volcanic ash
Because volcanic ash is easily altered, the lab correlates it using the trace element composition of apatite, which resists weathering and burial. Targets include pyroclastic flow deposits from caldera groups in the Kii Peninsula and the Tohoku region, and Cretaceous volcanic ash in Hokkaido.
*Illustrative imageExploring ocean environments with foraminifera
The lab carries out analyses and culturing experiments, aiming to estimate past and future ocean environments precisely from the water temperature and pH recorded in the shells of planktonic foraminifera. It also examines the effects of ocean acidification on foraminiferal calcification.
MembersFaculty
The lab's research is carried out by faculty members: a Professor and an Associate Professor.
- ProfessorReishi Takashima
- Associate ProfessorAzumi Kuroyanagi
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Report an errorAbout the images
The top and research theme images are illustrative and were not taken at the lab. They are cropped from Wikimedia Commons images. Cropped CC BY-SA images are provided under the same CC BY-SA license as the original (version shown on each line).
- Top image: “Kilve Beach Rock Formation - geograph.org.uk - 229528” Rob Farrow / CC BY-SA 2.0 (cropped)
- Causes and progression of oceanic anoxic events: “Triassic Sedimentary Strata Somerset 1” Margaret W. Carruthers (mwcarruthers) https://www.flickr.com/people/64167416@N03/ / CC BY 2.0 (cropped)
- Determining standard ages of the Cretaceous: “Oncolitic limestone (Fredericksburg Group, Lower Cretaceous; Odessa Impact Crater, Texas, USA) 4” James St. John / CC BY 2.0 (cropped)
- Apatite for correlating volcanic ash: “Volcanic Ash Fall Layers Izu Oshima Japan 1” Stanisław Raczyński / CC BY 3.0 (cropped)
- Exploring ocean environments with foraminifera: “Foraminifera shell section” Havboka / CC BY 4.0 (cropped)
- Related lab (Paleoenvironmental Change and Evolutionary Paleontology Lab): “Envisat image of the Great Barrier Reef off Australia's Queensland coast ESA233136” European Space Agency / CC BY-SA 3.0 igo (cropped)
- Related lab (Fault and Crustal Mechanics Lab): “Fault Zone - geograph.org.uk - 8323129” Anne Burgess / CC BY-SA 2.0 (cropped)
- Related lab (Human Geography Lab): “Mercator projection SW” Strebe / CC BY-SA 3.0 (cropped)
- Related lab (Geomorphology and Physical Geography Lab): “Sydney (AU), Coastal Cliff Walk” Dietmar Rabich / CC BY-SA 4.0 (cropped)
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