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Tanaka Lab
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The lab uses elementary particles raining down from space to see inside volcanoes and the Earth.

AboutAbout the lab
Seeing inside mountains with elementary particles
The Tanaka Lab studies the Earth's interior using highly penetrating, high-energy elementary particles such as muons and neutrinos.
It is both an old and a new field, combining geophysics and particle physics.
The lab has developed a technique called muography, which uses cosmic-ray muons to look inside mountains, faults, and the Earth's interior.
The lab was a world pioneer in demonstrating imaging of the Earth's interior with this method.
Key terms
- Muon
- An elementary particle produced when cosmic rays collide with the atmosphere. It is highly capable of passing through rock and mountains.
- Neutrino
- An elementary particle that barely interacts with anything and can even pass through the entire Earth.
- Muography
- A technique that images the density inside mountains and other objects, like an X-ray, based on the number of muons that have passed through them.
NewsLab news
View More ↗ResearchResearch themes
The lab studies the Earth's interior using highly penetrating, high-energy elementary particles such as muons and neutrinos. It has developed muography, a technique that uses cosmic-ray muons to probe mountains, faults, and the Earth's interior.
*Illustrative imageSeeing Inside Volcanoes with Muons
The number of cosmic-ray muons that arrive depends on the thickness of the material they pass through. Using this, the lab determines the density inside volcanoes and produces images of the interior of volcanic edifices and faults.
*Illustrative imageReducing Detector Noise
Practical muography requires further reduction of background noise. The lab works to reduce noise using a calorimeter that combines multilayer particle detectors.
*Illustrative imageImaging the Whole Earth with Neutrinos
The lab also conducts research on imaging the entire Earth using giant neutrino detectors.
MembersFaculty
- ProfessorHiroyuki Tanaka
VoicesStudent voices
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Report an errorAbout the images
The top and research theme images are illustrative and were not taken at the lab. They are cropped from Wikimedia Commons images. Cropped CC BY-SA images are provided under the same CC BY-SA license as the original (version shown on each line).
- Top image: “AsamaYamaS” Beh / CC BY-SA 3.0 (cropped)
- Seeing Inside Volcanoes with Muons: “La soufrière Télescope à muons 1” Borvan53 / CC BY-SA 4.0 (cropped)
- Reducing Detector Noise: “Photomultiplier Tube (PMT)” Motokoka / CC BY-SA 4.0 (cropped)
- Imaging the Whole Earth with Neutrinos: “Earth Interior Structure Blank” Volcan26 / CC BY-SA 4.0 (cropped)
- Related lab (Space Geodesy Lab (SGAT)): “Interferogram Iran” Roberto Monti / CC BY-SA 4.0 (cropped)
- Related lab (Takeuchi Lab): “Terrestrial Planet Interiors (Earth, Mars and Moon) - Artist's Concept” NASA/JPL-Caltech / Public domain (cropped)
- Related lab (Kato Lab): “Japan earthquake map” Jackopoid / CC BY-SA 3.0 (cropped)
- Related lab (Yokoyama Lab (Climate Variability Research Division)): “Terra MODIS Stationary front cloud over Japan” NASA / Public domain (cropped)
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